Direct Answer / Executive Summary:

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Final Guarantee or Performance Bond (الضمان النهائي) is a mandatory bank guarantee that a winning contractor must deliver upon being awarded a public tender. Governed by the Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL / نظام المنافسات والمشتريات الحكومية - Royal Decree No. M/128), its Implementing Regulations, and Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) banking rules:

The 5% Statutory Quantum: Under Article 38 of the GTPL, the performance bond must be issued for exactly 5.0% of the total contract award value (من القيمة الإجمالية للعقد*). For contracts with open-ended or unit-rate operational scopes, the government entity establishes a fixed statutory ceiling in the tender booklet.

Strict 15-Day Submission Deadline: The awarded contractor must submit the digital performance bond within fifteen (15) business days from the date of formal electronic notification of award (تاريخ الإخطار بالترسية). The government entity may grant a single extension up to a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days; failure to deliver the bond within this statutory window results in automatic award revocation and immediate forfeiture/liquidation of the 1% to 2% Initial Bid Bond*.

Mandatory SAMA Digital Issuance: Physical, paper-based performance letters delivered to ministry offices are strictly prohibited and legally void. The 5% guarantee must be issued electronically through licensed Saudi commercial banks integrated directly into the Etimad-SAMA Digital Guarantee Gateway (منظومة الضمانات البنكية الرقمية)*.

Duration & Maintenance Period Coverage: Unlike the 90-day initial bid bond, the performance bond remains active throughout the entire execution period of the contract, PLUS: (1) In supply contracts, until final delivery and acceptance; (2) In construction and public works contracts, throughout the mandatory one-year (12-month) maintenance and warranty period (فترة الصيانة والضمان) following preliminary handover (الاستلام الابتدائي*).

Release Prerequisites: The performance bond is released on Etimad only upon fulfilling four cumulative statutory conditions: (1) Final Handover Minutes (محضر الاستلام النهائي); (2) ZATCA Final Tax Clearance; (3) GOSI Project Workforce Clearance (شهادة إخلاء طرف التأمينات*); and (4) Full settlement of any statutory delay penalties.

Statutory Legal Architecture: Articles 38 to 40 of the GTPL

The Final Performance Bond is the sovereign mechanism that guarantees an awarded contractor will execute the project in strict accordance with the contractual specifications, technical standards, and delivery milestones.

Statutory Pillars of the Final Guarantee under the GTPL

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Article 38 (Mandatory Submission & Percentage)Obligates the awarded bidder to present a final bank guarantee of exactly 5% of the total contract value within 15 business days of award notification. Failure triggers immediate contract reassignment and initial bid bond confiscation.
2
Article 39 (Retention Duration & Release)Regulates the multi-year validity of the bond across supply, construction, and operational service contracts, stipulating conditions for phased proportional reductions.
3
Article 40 (Statutory Liquidation / Forfeiture)Authorizes the government entity to seize the performance bond into the Ministry of Finance Treasury if the contractor breaches core contractual obligations, abandons the site, or triggers contract termination for default.

The operational journey of the 5% performance bond bridges tender award to project handover:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             DIGITAL ETIMAD PERFORMANCE BOND (5%) LIFECYCLE             │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [PHASE 1: AWARD NOTIFICATION] ──► Electronic Award Notice issued on Etimad.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 2: 15-DAY CLOCK]       ──► Clock starts: 15 business days to secure 5% bond.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 3: SAMA DIGITAL BOND]  ──► Bank issues digital bond via SAMA to Etimad gateway.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 4: CONTRACT SIGNING]   ──► Contract executed; 1%–2% Initial Bond released.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 5: ACTIVE EXECUTION]   ──► Bond stays active across project + 1-year warranty.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 6: FINAL RELEASE]      ──► Final Handover + ZATCA + GOSI Clearances ──► 100% Release.

The 5% Calculation Rule: Base Value & Contract Variations

Under Article 38 of the GTPL, the performance bond amount must be calculated with mathematical exactness:

Statutory Performance Bond Formula

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Performance Bond Amount (SAR) = Total Contract Award Value (SAR) × 5.0%
2
Calculation RuleThe bond equals exactly five percent (5%) of the total gross contract value awarded by the government entity.
3
VAT TreatmentIf the contract award decree specifies that the total contract sum is inclusive of 15% Value Added Tax (VAT), the bank guarantee must be calculated on the gross amount including VAT.

Contrast: Initial Bid Bond vs. Final Performance Bond

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              INITIAL BID BOND VS FINAL PERFORMANCE BOND                │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
ParameterInitial Guarantee / Bid Bond (الضمان الابتدائي)Final Guarantee / Performance Bond (الضمان النهائي)
Statutory PurposeGuarantees bid seriousness and price validityGuarantees project execution, quality, and warranties
Statutory Quantum1.0% to 2.0% of financial offerExactly 5.0% of total awarded contract value
Submission DeadlineSubmitted with the Financial Bid on EtimadWithin 15 business days of award notification
Validity Duration90 Calendar Days (Fixed short-term window)Project Duration + 12-Month Warranty Period
SME ExemptionExempt for Monsha'at Micro/Small firmsMandatory for all entities (No SME exemption!)
Release TriggerExpiration of standstill or contract awardFinal Handover (الاستلام النهائي) + Clearances
Issuing ChannelSAMA-Etimad Digital GatewaySAMA-Etimad Digital Gateway

The Contract Variation Rule (Amendments & Change Orders)

In public infrastructure, engineering, and maintenance contracts, scope changes often occur. The GTPL regulates how the 5% performance bond adjusts to contract modifications:

Statutory Variation Adjustments under GTPL Article 38

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Upward Variations (Change Orders up to +10%)If the government entity issues official change orders increasing the contract value (permitted up to 10% under GTPL), the contractor is legally required to increase the value of the performance bond proportionally so that it continues to represent exactly 5% of the revised total contract sum.
2
Downward Variations (Scope Reductions up to -20%)If the government entity reduces the contractual scope (permitted up to 20%), the contractor may submit a formal request on Etimad to reduce the performance bond amount to match 5% of the reduced contract value.

The 15-Day Submission Deadline: The Clock is Ticking

The most critical operational period for an awarded contractor is the statutory 15-business-day window:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│            THE 15-DAY POST-AWARD TIMELINE & DEFAULT MECHANISM          │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
  Day 00: Formal Award Notice Published on Etimad Portal (إشعار الترسية)
  ├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  │  DAYS 01 ──► 15: STATUTORY WINDOW TO DELIVER 5% DIGITAL BOND
  │  • Contractor instructs commercial bank to issue digital performance bond.
  │  • Bank underwrites credit line or cash margin; transmits to SAMA gateway.
  │  • Contractor links digital bond reference on Etimad and signs contract.
  ├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  │  AT DAY 15: If Performance Bond is NOT Delivered:
  │  ├─ Option A: Government entity grants formal extension (Max 60 days).
  │  └─ Option B: Entity declares contractor in DEFAULT:
  │               1. Award is immediately REVOKED.
  │               2. 1%–2% Initial Bid Bond is CONFISCATED to MOF Treasury.
  │               3. Contract re-awarded to second-ranked bidder.

Statutory Grounds for Extension (The 60-Day Cap)

Under Article 38 (Paragraph 2) of the GTPL, if the contractor faces documented delays in securing bank approvals, they may submit a formal extension request through Etimad before the 15-day window closes.

The Maximum Ceiling: The government entity has discretionary authority to extend the submission period, provided the total cumulative period from the date of award notification does not exceed sixty (60) calendar days.
Zero Discretion Beyond Day 60: If the 60th day passes without the performance bond appearing on the Etimad-SAMA gateway, the system locks the award, triggering statutory cancellation and guarantee forfeiture.

SAMA Digital Issuance Architecture for Performance Bonds

Just as with initial guarantees, physical paper letters are strictly prohibited. The performance bond is issued through the Etimad-SAMA Digital Guarantee Gateway:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             SAMA DIGITAL PERFORMANCE BOND ISSUANCE PROCESS             │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
mermaid|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    actor Contractor as Awarded Contractor
    participant Bank as Saudi Commercial Bank
    participant SAMA as SAMA Digital Hub
    participant Etimad as Etimad Portal
    participant Ministry as Contracting Government Body

    Ministry->>Etimad: Issues Official Award Decision (قرار الترسية)
    Etimad->>Contractor: Electronic Award Notification (15-Day Clock Starts)
    Contractor->>Bank: Requests 5% Performance Bond (Contract #, 700 #, 5% Value)
    Bank->>Bank: Underwrites Credit Facility / Cash Margin Allocation
    Bank->>SAMA: Pushes Digital Performance Guarantee
    SAMA->>Etimad: Real-Time API Sync (Guarantee Reference ID)
    Contractor->>Etimad: Accepts Contract & Links Digital Performance Bond
    Etimad->>Ministry: Approves Bond Verification Instantly
    Etimad->>Bank: Automatically Releases 1%–2% Initial Bid Bond!

Banking Underwriting Dynamics for 5% Bonds

Because a performance bond remains active for several years, banks evaluate it under stricter credit criteria than a 90-day bid bond:

1Cash Margin Underwriting: For emerging contractors without established credit facilities, the bank may require a cash collateral freeze of 10% to 100% of the guarantee amount in a locked deposit account.
2Corporate Credit Facilities (تسهيلات بنكية): Established contractors utilize revolving trade finance credit lines. The bank charges:

Issuance Setup Fee: Typically SAR 1,000 to SAR 2,500*.

Annual Commission Tariff: Typically 0.50% to 1.50% per year* on the outstanding guarantee value, billed quarterly.

3The Kafalah Program for SMEs: Micro and small businesses that cannot secure multi-year bank bonds can utilize the Small and Medium Enterprises Loan Guarantee Program (Kafalah - كفالة), which provides sovereign guarantees to commercial banks covering up to 80% to 90% of the bond value, unlocking bank issuance without heavy cash freezes.

Validity Periods Across Procurement Categories (GTPL Article 39)

The statutory lifespan of a performance bond depends entirely on the nature of the contracted works:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             PERFORMANCE BOND LIFESPAN BY CONTRACT CATEGORY             │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

1. Supply Contracts (عقود التوريد)

Coverage Scope: Covers the manufacturing, shipment, customs clearance, delivery, and testing of physical goods, medical supplies, IT hardware, or vehicles.
Validity Lifespan: The bond remains active until the government entity conducts formal inspection, issues the Final Handover Report (محضر الاستلام النهائي), and confirms that all delivered commodities conform 100% to technical specifications.

2. Public Works & Construction Contracts (عقود الإنشاءات والأشغال العامة)

Coverage Scope: Civil infrastructure, road construction, building fabrication, water pipelines, and electrical grid networks.
The Two-Stage Handover Rule:

Stage 1: Preliminary Handover (الاستلام الابتدائي): Occurs when the building or facility is substantially completed and ready for operational occupancy. The project enters the statutory Maintenance & Latent Defect Period (فترة الصيانة والضمان)*.

Stage 2: Mandatory 12-Month Maintenance Period: Under GTPL Article 39, the performance bond must remain active for at least one (1) full calendar year (12 months)* following the date of preliminary handover!

Stage 3: Final Handover (الاستلام النهائي):* At the conclusion of Month 12, a joint inspection verifies that zero structural cracks, water leaks, or system failures have manifested. Only then is the performance bond eligible for release.

3. Continuous Services & Maintenance Contracts (عقود الخدمات والتشغيل والصيانة)

Coverage Scope: Facilities management, security cleaning, software hosting, SaaS operations, and catering services spanning 1 to 5 years.
Validity Lifespan: The bond must remain valid for the entire contractual operating term, plus a 30-day reconciliation buffer to verify final utility handovers and settle any deduction notices.

Proportional Reductions of the 5% Bond During Execution

In large-scale, multi-year projects, locking up a massive 5% performance bond for five years restricts a contractor's banking capacity.

Under Article 39 (Paragraph 3) of the GTPL, the law permits Proportional Guarantee Reductions (تخفيض الضمان النهائي تدريجياً):

Statutory Rules for Proportional Performance Bond Reductions

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Contract Divisibility MandateProportional reductions are permitted only if the tender booklet explicitly authorizes phased reductions and the contract comprises distinct, divisible, independent operational phases (e.g., a 4-school building contract where schools are delivered individually).
2
Handover CertificationThe contractor must secure a formal Partial Final Handover Certificate (محضر استلام نهائي جزئي) for the delivered phase.
3
Floor Threshold (The 5% Minimum Rule)The remaining performance bond value following reduction must never fall below exactly 5% of the remaining unfinished contract value.
4
Digital Execution on EtimadThe contracting ministry issues an electronic Guarantee Amendment Request on Etimad, instructing SAMA and the bank to reduce the guarantee ceiling, instantly unfreezing corporate credit lines!

The 4 Mandatory Prerequisites for Bond Release on Etimad

When project works conclude, the contractor must navigate the Final Clearance Protocol to trigger the digital unfreeze of their performance bond:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             THE 4 MANDATORY GATES FOR PERFORMANCE BOND RELEASE         │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
       ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
       ►►►  ETIMAD 5% PERFORMANCE BOND RELEASE CLEARANCE GATES   ◄◄◄
       ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
           │                      │                      │
           ▼                      ▼                      ▼
   [GATE 1: FINAL HANDOVER] [GATE 2: ZATCA TAX]    [GATE 3: GOSI WORKFORCE]
   Signed Final Minutes     Zakat & Tax Clearance  Project GOSI Clearance
   (محضر الاستلام النهائي)  Certificate for Contract (شهادة إخلاء طرف العمالة)
           │                      │                      │
           └──────────────────────┼──────────────────────┘
                                  ▼
                   [GATE 4: ZERO PENALTY BALANCE]
                   Full settlement of Delay Fines (غرامات التأخير)
                                  │
                                  ▼
                   [MINISTERIAL DIGITAL RELEASE ON ETIMAD]
                   SAMA notifies commercial bank within 30 days!

Gate 1: Final Handover Report (محضر الاستلام النهائي)

Signed by the government entity’s supervising technical committee and the contractor, certifying that all punch-list items, warranty repairs, and latent defects identified during the 1-year maintenance period have been 100% rectified.

Gate 2: ZATCA Project Tax Settlement Certificate (شهادة الزكاة والضريبة)

A specialized clearance issued by ZATCA confirming that the contractor has declared all project revenues, submitted all VAT invoices, and holds zero outstanding tax liabilities linked to this specific government contract.

Gate 3: GOSI Project Workforce Clearance (شهادة إخلاء طرف التأمينات الاجتماعية)

Proves that all Saudi and expatriate laborers deployed on the project site had their social insurance contributions paid in full and have been officially transferred or exited from the project establishment file.

Gate 4: Zero Outstanding Delay Fines (غرامات التأخير)

Under GTPL Article 72, delay penalties are capped at 10% for supply contracts and 20% for public works/services. All assessed deduction notices must be cleared before the release order can be approved.

Statutory Compliance Note

Statutory Release Deadline: Under GTPL Article 39, once the contractor delivers all four clearance documents, the government entity is legally obligated to execute the electronic release on Etimad within thirty (30) calendar days.

Real-World Case Studies: Performance Bond Execution

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               CASE STUDY 1: 15-DAY POST-AWARD BANK CRISIS              │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Case Study 1: "Rawabi MEP Contracting" — The 15-Day Countdown

Contractor Profile: Grade-3 mechanical and electrical subcontractor awarded a SAR 14,000,000 hospital HVAC renovation contract by the Ministry of Health.
The Award Timeline:

Day 01: Received official Award Notification on Etimad. Required performance bond: `5% of SAR 14M` = SAR 700,000.00*.

* Day 05: Applied to primary commercial bank; the bank’s credit committee informed Rawabi that its existing credit line was 95% utilized, demanding a 100% cash freeze (SAR 700,000) that Rawabi did not possess.

Day 12 (T minus 3 Days): Realizing the imminent danger of losing the contract and having its SAR 140,000 Initial Bid Bond confiscated, Rawabi’s CFO engaged the Kafalah Program*.

* Day 14: Kafalah issued an expedited SME loan guarantee covering 80% of the risk; a secondary bank (Alinma) approved the credit facility and pushed the digital 5% bond to SAMA at 4:30 PM on Day 14.

* Day 15: Rawabi linked the digital bond reference on Etimad at 9:00 AM, executing the contract with 6 hours to spare.

Lesson: Never wait until the award notification to negotiate performance bond facilities with your commercial banker. Credit lines must be pre-arranged during the bidding phase.
Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               CASE STUDY 2: 12-MONTH MAINTENANCE RELEASE               │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Case Study 2: "Modern Horizons Infrastructure" — Handover & Release

Contractor Profile: Civil contractor executing a SAR 40,000,000 public administrative building project in Riyadh.
Performance Bond Value: SAR 2,000,000.00.
Handover & Release Trajectory:

Year 2, Month 6: Completed construction; achieved Preliminary Handover (الاستلام الابتدائي)*.

The bond remained locked during the mandatory 12-month maintenance period*.

* Year 3, Month 6: Inspection committee identified minor roof seal leaks. Modern Horizons mobilized warranty technicians and repaired the seals in 14 days.

Year 3, Month 7: Signed the Final Handover Report (محضر الاستلام النهائي)*; secured GOSI and ZATCA contract clearance certificates.

* Year 3, Month 8: Government procurement department submitted the digital release order on Etimad; SAMA unblocked the SAR 2,000,000 credit line within 48 hours.

Top 7 Compliance Hazards & Forfeiture Traps

Avoid these critical legal errors that threaten performance bond integrity:

Critical Hazards in Performance Bond Management

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Missing the 15-Day Award DeadlineFailing to deliver the digital bond within 15 business days without securing a formal extension. Triggers automatic award cancellation and liquidation of the initial bid bond.
2
Inadequate Project Maintenance CoverageForgetting that construction bonds must remain active for 12 months after building completion. Allowing the bond to expire before the final handover triggers government notices and automatic bank liquidation demands.
3
Ignoring Scope Change AdjustmentsFailing to increase the performance bond value when contract change orders exceed +10%. The government entity will withhold milestone payments until the bond is augmented.
4
GOSI Project File NeglectFailing to close out foreign worker visas tied to the project’s specific GOSI file. GOSI will refuse the project clearance certificate, stalling bond release for months.
5
Ineffective Subcontractor ManagementSubcontractor defaults that damage the primary contractor's timeline, leading to delay penalties that prevent final clearance sign-off.
6
Confusion Over SME Exemption ScopeBelieving that Monsha'at SME classification exempts the company from the 5% performance bond. GTPL provides zero SME exemption for final performance bonds.
7
Attempting Paper Handover SubmissionsSubmitting physical clearance letters to ministry departments instead of executing digital clearances through the Etimad vendor dashboard.

Executive Performance Bond Compliance Checklist

Ensure your legal and financial team executes every mandatory step across the performance bond lifecycle:

[ ] Award Notice Monitored: Designate automated alerts on Etimad to capture the formal Award Notification the instant it is published.
[ ] 15-Day Submission Calendar Active: Calculate the exact 15-business-day statutory deadline, accounting for national holidays and weekends.
[ ] Pre-Approved Bank Facilities Verified: Confirm that your corporate bank possesses sufficient unencumbered credit lines to issue 5% of the total contract award sum.
[ ] Kafalah Program Readiness: If operating as an SME, ensure your Kafalah relationship is active to provide credit guarantees if commercial bank liquidity is constrained.
[ ] VAT Inclusion Checked: Verify whether the contract award sum includes 15% VAT, ensuring the 5% calculation matches the gross contract ceiling.
[ ] Digital SAMA Transmission Confirmed: Log into Etimad to verify that the digital performance bond appears in your contract dashboard before executing the agreement.
[ ] Initial Bid Bond Release Tracked: Verify that Etimad triggers the automated digital release of your 1% to 2% Initial Bid Bond upon performance bond approval.
[ ] 12-Month Maintenance Diary Set: For construction works, establish calendar milestones for the 12-month post-preliminary maintenance period.
[ ] Final Clearances Assembled: Secure ZATCA project tax clearance and GOSI workforce clearance within 30 days of project completion.
[ ] Digital Release Follow-Up: Monitor the Etimad portal to ensure the contracting entity executes the electronic release within the statutory 30-day window.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the exact percentage required for a performance bond on Etimad?

Under Article 38 of the Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL), the Final Guarantee (Performance Bond) must equal exactly 5.0% of the total contract award value. If the contract sum changes due to official change orders, the guarantee must be adjusted proportionally.

How much time does a winning bidder have to submit the 5% performance bond?

The awarded contractor must submit the performance bond within fifteen (15) business days from the date of formal award notification on Etimad. The government entity may grant an extension upon request, provided the total cumulative period does not exceed sixty (60) calendar days.

What happens if an awarded contractor fails to provide the performance bond within the deadline?

If the contractor fails to deliver the bond within the statutory window, the government entity is legally mandated to revoke the contract award and confiscate/liquidate the contractor’s 1% to 2% Initial Bid Bond into the Ministry of Finance Treasury. The tender is then re-awarded to the second-ranked bidder.

Are small businesses (SMEs) exempt from the 5% performance bond?

No. While Monsha'at-certified Micro and Small Enterprises are exempt from the initial 1% to 2% bid bond during the bidding phase, there is NO exemption from the 5% Final Performance Bond upon contract award. All contractors must deliver the performance bond to execute the contract. However, SMEs can leverage the Kafalah Program for government-backed credit guarantees.

Does a performance bond stay active during the 1-year maintenance period?

Yes. In public works, civil engineering, and construction contracts, the 5% performance bond must remain active throughout the entire construction period PLUS the mandatory one-year (12-month) maintenance and warranty period following preliminary handover (الاستلام الابتدائي).

What documents are required to release the 5% performance bond on Etimad?

To release the performance bond, the contractor must deliver: (1) The Final Handover Report (*محضر الاستلام النهائي*) certifying zero defects; (2) A ZATCA Tax and Zakat Settlement Certificate for the contract; (3) A GOSI Project Workforce Clearance Certificate; and (4) Proof of settlement of any delay penalties. The government entity must execute the electronic release on Etimad within thirty (30) days of receiving these clearances.

Regulatory Authorities & Statutory Citations

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL) - Articles 38, 39, and 40, Royal Decree No. M/128.
Ministry of Finance (MOF): Implementing Regulations of the Government Tender and Procurement Law - Chapter on Final Guarantees (Articles 73–82), Ministerial Resolution No. 1242.
Saudi Central Bank (SAMA): Regulatory Standards for Digital Performance Guarantees on the Etimad Platform, Circular No. 42092021.
General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI): Regulations Governing Project Workforce Clearance Certificates (شهادات إخلاء طرف المشاريع), Resolution No. 2022/411.
Small and Medium Enterprises Loan Guarantee Program (Kafalah): Credit Guarantee Standards for Government Procurement Performance Bonds, Operational Manual 2023.