Direct Answer / Executive Summary:

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, an Initial Guarantee or Bank Bid Bond (الضمان الابتدائي) is a mandatory financial instrument that bidders must submit alongside their commercial proposals in government tenders. Governed by the Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL / نظام المنافسات والمشتريات الحكومية - Royal Decree No. M/128), its Implementing Regulations, and Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) directives:

The 1% to 2% Statutory Range: Under Article 35 of the GTPL, the initial guarantee must be set at an exact percentage between 1.0% and 2.0% of the bidder’s total financial offer value (من قيمة العرض المالي). The specific percentage (e.g., exactly 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0%) is determined by the contracting government entity and explicitly stipulated in the official Tender Booklet (كراسة الشروط والمواصفات*).

Zero Margin for Calculation Errors: If a bidder submits an initial guarantee that is deficient by even SAR 1.00—due to mathematical miscalculation, VAT misunderstanding, or banking currency discrepancies—the Tender Opening Committee (لجنة فتح العروض) is legally mandated under Article 36 to disqualify and reject the bid immediately* without administrative discretion or opportunity to cure.

Mandatory SAMA Digital Issuance (No More Paper Bonds): Physical, paper-based bank letters delivered by hand or courier are strictly prohibited and obsolete. All bank guarantees must be issued electronically through licensed Saudi commercial banks integrated directly into the Etimad-SAMA Digital Guarantee Gateway (منظومة الضمانات البنكية الرقمية)*. The guarantee is automatically verified and linked to the bid via its electronic Guarantee Reference Number.

Mandatory 90-Day Validity Window: The initial bid bond must remain unconditionally valid for at least ninety (90) calendar days starting from the designated bid opening date (تاريخ فتح العروض*).

Monsha'at SME Exemption: Under GTPL Article 35 (Paragraph 3), Micro and Small Enterprises (المنشآت متناهية الصغر والصغيرة) holding a valid classification certificate from Monsha'at are 100% legally exempt* from submitting an initial bank bid bond, submitting an electronic financial commitment letter instead.

Statutory Legal Framework: Articles 35 to 37 of the GTPL

The requirement for an Initial Guarantee protects public sector entities from frivolous, speculative, or bad-faith commercial offers. It ensures that any corporate bidder participating in a public tender possesses verified financial liquidity and will honor its quoted prices if awarded the contract.

Statutory Pillars of the Initial Guarantee under the GTPL

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Article 35 (Mandatory Submission & Percentage)Requires every bidder participating in a public competition to submit an initial guarantee ranging between 1% and 2% of their total financial bid value, except where statutory exemptions apply.
2
Article 36 (Strict Conformity & Automatic Disqualification)Mandates the Tender Opening Committee to reject any commercial offer that arrives without an initial guarantee, with an under-calculated guarantee amount, or with a defective validity period.
3
Article 37 (Statutory Forfeiture / Confiscation)Authorizes the government entity to liquidate and seize the initial guarantee into the Ministry of Finance Treasury if the winning bidder withdraws its bid during the validity period or refuses to submit the 5% Final Performance Bond upon award.

The operational cycle of the initial bank guarantee follows a strictly governed digital trajectory:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             DIGITAL ETIMAD BID BOND (INITIAL GUARANTEE) LIFECYCLE      │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 [PHASE 1: RFP CALCULATION]    ──► Identify 1%–2% rate in Kurasat Shuroot.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 2: DIGITAL BANK REQUEST]► Request digital bond via Saudi Corporate Online Banking.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 3: SAMA/ETIMAD SYNC]   ──► Bank transmits electronic guarantee to Etimad API gateway.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 4: BID SUBMISSION]     ──► Link digital Guarantee Number in Financial Envelope on Etimad.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 5: BID EVALUATION]     ──► Bond remains active for mandatory 90-day validity window.
            │
            ▼
 [PHASE 6: RESOLUTION]         ──► IF WON: Replaced by 5% Performance Bond.
                                  IF LOST: Released to vendor bank within 7 days of standstill.

Statutory Calculation Mechanics: Net vs. Gross VAT Rules

The most dangerous pitfall for procurement managers and commercial estimators is miscalculating the base amount upon which the 1% to 2% guarantee is levied.

Under the Government Tender and Procurement Law, the calculation formula is strictly defined as follows:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               INITIAL GUARANTEE STATUTORY CALCULATION FORMULA          │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Statutory Calculation Formula

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Initial Guarantee Amount (SAR) = Total Financial Offer (SAR) × Stipulated Guarantee Rate (%)
2
Base RuleThe required guarantee equals the Total Financial Offer Value (in SAR) multiplied by the Mandatory Guarantee Percentage stated in the tender booklet (e.g., 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0%).

The Critical VAT Calculation Trap:

A frequent cause of disqualification is whether the guarantee must be calculated on the Net Base Bid or the Gross Bid Including 15% VAT:

Tender Booklet SpecificationFinancial Bid (Excl. VAT)15% Value Added TaxTotal Bid (Incl. VAT)Required Guarantee RateCorrect Guarantee Amount
Booklet Case A (Net Base Specified)SAR 10,000,000.00SAR 1,500,000.00SAR 11,500,000.002.0% of Net BaseSAR 200,000.00
Booklet Case B (Gross Bid Specified)SAR 10,000,000.00SAR 1,500,000.00SAR 11,500,000.002.0% of Gross TotalSAR 230,000.00
Booklet Case C (Silent / Ambiguous)SAR 10,000,000.00SAR 1,500,000.00SAR 11,500,000.002.0% of Total OfferSAR 230,000.00 (SAFEST)

Statutory Rule of Caution

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Under judicial precedents established by the Saudi Board of Grievances (المحكمة الإدارية), if the tender booklet states that the initial guarantee is "2% of the total financial offer" without explicitly excluding VAT, the Tender Evaluation Committee is legally entitled to evaluate the guarantee against the GROSS offer (inclusive of VAT).If your bank issues a guarantee based strictly on the net-of-VAT amount, your bid is deficient by exactly 15% of the guarantee amount, resulting in immediate, non-negotiable disqualification!

The SAMA Digital Guarantee System: How the Electronic Gateway Works

Until 2020, foreign and domestic contractors secured paper Letters of Guarantee (LGs) printed on bank security paper, had them signed by bank officers, stamped with wax seals, and physically delivered to ministry tender lockboxes. This process led to lost documents, fraudulent letters, and delayed bids.

Under joint directives from the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the National Center for Government Resource Systems (NCGR), and the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), public procurement transitioned to the Digital Guarantee System (منظومة الضمانات البنكية الرقمية):

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             SAMA DIGITAL GUARANTEE ARCHITECTURE ON ETIMAD              │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
mermaid|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    actor Bidder as Corporate Bidder
    participant Bank as Licensed Saudi Bank
    participant SAMA as SAMA Digital Gateway
    participant Etimad as Etimad Procurement Portal
    participant Ministry as Government Entity

    Bidder->>Bank: Request Digital Bid Bond (Tender #, CR, Value)
    Bank->>Bank: Underwrite & Block Cash Margin / Credit Line
    Bank->>SAMA: Transmit Electronic Guarantee Record
    SAMA->>Etimad: Real-Time API Push (Guarantee Reference ID)
    Bidder->>Etimad: Prepare Financial Envelope on etimad.sa
    Etimad->>Bidder: Auto-detects matching Digital Guarantee Number
    Bidder->>Etimad: One-Click Link & Submit Bid
    Etimad->>Ministry: Tender Opening Committee verifies bond instantly

Step-by-Step Electronic Issuance Protocol

1Access Corporate Online Banking: Log into the trade finance module of your licensed Saudi commercial bank (e.g., Alinma Business, SNB e-Corporate, Al Rajhi Business, SAB Corporate).
2Select Digital Guarantee Issuance: Navigate to "Letters of Guarantee (خطابات الضمان)" ──► "Issue Etimad Digital Guarantee (إصدار ضمان اعتماد الرقمي)".
3Input Mandatory Metadata:

Unified 700 Number & Commercial Registration:* Automatically populated from your corporate account profile.

Etimad Tender Reference Number (رقم المنافسة):* The official unique number assigned to the tender on the Etimad portal (e.g., 240339012345).

Contracting Government Entity Name:* Selected from the integrated drop-down registry of Saudi public bodies.

Guarantee Value (SAR):* The exact calculated amount in Saudi Riyals.

Effective & Expiry Dates:* The guarantee start date and the expiry date (minimum 90 days from the bid opening date).

4Underwriting & Security Collateral:

Option A (Cash Collateral / Margin): The bank places a 100% temporary freeze (حجز رصيد*) on the required funds in your corporate operating account.

Option B (Corporate Credit Facility): If your enterprise holds an active trade finance credit line (تسهيلات ائتمانية*), the bank issues the bond against your available limit, charging a quarterly commission fee (typically 0.25% to 0.75% per quarter) and a nominal electronic issuance fee (SAR 500 to SAR 1,500).

5Electronic Transmission & Linking:

* Once approved by the bank, the guarantee is transmitted within minutes via SAMA’s secure messaging gateway to Etimad.

The bank generates a unique Digital Guarantee Reference Number (رقم الضمان الموحد)*.

When your bidding team completes the Financial Envelope submission on `etimad.sa`, the portal displays the newly issued guarantee under the "Available Digital Guarantees"* tab. The team selects the guarantee with a single click—eliminating manual uploads and physical handovers.

Validity Period & Mandatory Extension Rules (GTPL Article 36)

The Government Tender and Procurement Law strictly governs how long an initial bid bond must remain active:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             STATUTORY 90-DAY BID BOND VALIDITY TIMELINE                │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
  Day 00: TENDER BID OPENING DATE (تاريخ فتح العروض)
  ├──► Period of Active Commercial & Technical Evaluation (Months 1 & 2)
  ├──► Announcement of Preliminary Award (الترسية المبدئية)
  ├──► Mandatory Statutory Standstill / Objection Window (10 Calendar Days)
  └──► Day 90: EXPIRATION OF INITIAL GUARANTEE

Statutory Validity Standards:

1The 90-Day Rule: The initial guarantee must remain unconditionally enforceable for at least ninety (90) calendar days calculated from the formal deadline set for opening the bids (تاريخ فتح العروض). If the tender booklet specifies a longer period (e.g., 120 or 180 days for mega-infrastructure competitions), the bidder must comply with that extended term.
2Extension Requests by the Government Entity: If the evaluation committee requires additional time to conclude technical reviews or secure Ministry of Finance budget clearances, the government entity may issue an electronic request on Etimad requesting all participating bidders to extend the validity of their initial guarantees.
3The Bidder's Sovereign Right to Refuse Extension:

Under GTPL Article 36 (Paragraph 4), if a bidder refuses* to extend their initial bank guarantee upon government request, their offer is deemed withdrawn.

Crucial Legal Protection: In this specific scenario, the government entity is legally prohibited from confiscating the guarantee*. The government must release the bidder's initial guarantee immediately, returning all cash collateral without penalty.

* If the bidder agrees to the extension, the bank updates the expiry date electronically via the Etimad-SAMA gateway.

Statutory Forfeiture: When Can the Government Confiscate Your Bid Bond?

The seizure or liquidation of a bank guarantee (مصادرة وتسييل الضمان) is a severe sovereign action governed by strict statutory thresholds under Article 37 of the GTPL:

Statutory Grounds for Initial Guarantee Forfeiture (GTPL Article 37)

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Unlawful Offer WithdrawalIf the bidder withdraws their commercial proposal after the bid opening deadline and before the expiration of the mandatory 90-day validity period (without legitimate force majeure accepted by the Ministry of Finance).
2
Failure to Submit Final Performance BondIf the awarded contractor fails, neglects, or refuses to deliver the mandatory 5% Final Performance Bond within sixty (60) calendar days of receiving the formal electronic award notice.
3
Refusal to Execute the Government ContractIf the awarded bidder refuses to sign the standardized government contract within the statutory timeline without justified legal grounds.

How Digital Liquidation Operates in Practice:

Under the legacy system, government entities sent physical liquidation letters via courier to bank branches, leading to judicial injunctions and legal disputes.
Under the Digital Guarantee System, if a statutory breach occurs, the authorized government procurement official issues an electronic Liquidation Order (طلب تسييل إلكتروني) directly through the Etimad portal.
The order routes instantly through SAMA to the issuing commercial bank.
The bank is legally mandated under SAMA banking regulations to debit the corporate account (or claim against the credit line) and wire the cash funds directly to the General Account of the Ministry of Finance (حساب وزارة المالية العام) within three (3) business days, with zero judicial intervention.

Release and Return of the Bid Bond (استرداد الضمان الابتدائي)

Securing the swift release of your bank guarantee is critical to unfreezing cash collateral and restoring corporate bank credit lines:

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│             STATUTORY GUARANTEE RELEASE TIMELINES (GTPL ART. 37)       │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Bidder ScenarioStatutory Release Trigger EventMaximum Release WindowOperational Etimad Status
Disqualified in Technical StageOfficial release of the Technical Evaluation ReportWithin 7 Business DaysAutomated digital release notification to bank
Non-Winning Bidders (Financial)Expiration of the 10-day Statutory Standstill PeriodWithin 7 Business DaysAutomated digital release notification to bank
Cancelled Tender (All Bidders)Official notice of tender cancellation on EtimadWithin 3 Business DaysImmediate system-wide electronic unfreeze
Winning / Awarded ContractorSubmission of the 5% Final Performance BondInstantaneous upon approval of Final BondInitial bond released; final bond takes legal effect
Statutory Compliance Note

Operational Insight for Corporate Treasurers: Once Etimad triggers the electronic release, the SAMA gateway notifies your commercial bank in real-time. Most Saudi commercial banks unfreeze the cash margin or credit line within 24 to 48 hours of receiving the Etimad clearance notice.

SME Exemption: The Monsha'at Advantage (SAR 0 Bid Bond)

One of the most consequential reforms introduced by the Government Tender and Procurement Law is the total exemption of small enterprises from initial bank guarantees:

Statutory SME Bid Bond Exemption (GTPL Article 35, Paragraph 3)

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
The Legal ExemptionMicro and Small Enterprises (المنشآت متناهية الصغر والصغيرة) are 100% EXEMPT from providing an initial bank guarantee when bidding on any public government tender.
2
Mandatory Eligibility Criteria
3
The enterprise must be officially classified as a "Micro" (1 to 5 employees; revenue < SAR 3M) or "Small" (6 to 49 employees; revenue SAR 3M to SAR 40M) enterprise by Monsha'at.
4
The enterprise must possess an active Monsha'at SME Certificate (شهادة حجم المنشأة) uploaded and verified on its Etimad profile.
5
The bidder must submit an Electronic Financial Commitment Letter (تعهد مالي إلكتروني) generated via Etimad in lieu of the bank guarantee.
6
Financial SignificanceAn SME bidding on an SAR 8,000,000 IT development tender saves between SAR 80,000 and SAR 160,000 in frozen cash margins, eliminating bank issuance commissions and freeing liquidity for operations.

Real-World Case Studies: Bid Bond Compliance in Practice

Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               CASE STUDY 1: DISQUALIFICATION OVER VAT MISCALCULATION   │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Case Study 1: "Falcon Civil Engineering" — The SAR 30,000 Calculation Disaster

Bidder Profile: Grade-2 civil engineering contractor bidding on a Ministry of Transport road expansion tender in the Eastern Province.
Tender Parameters: Estimated budget: SAR 20,000,000. Tender booklet mandated: "An initial bank guarantee of exactly 1.0% of the financial offer".
The Commercial Proposal:

Base Technical & Commercial Offer (Excluding VAT): SAR 18,000,000.00

15% Value Added Tax (VAT): SAR 2,700,000.00

Gross Commercial Offer (Including VAT): SAR 20,700,000.00

The Fatal Calculation Error:

The contractor's financial analyst instructed the bank to issue a digital bid bond for `1.0% of SAR 18,000,000` = SAR 180,000.00*.

The tender booklet's submission guidelines stated: "Financial offers must be submitted inclusive of all statutory taxes, fees, and VAT, and all percentages shall be evaluated against the final gross offer."*

The required statutory guarantee was: `1.0% of SAR 20,700,000` = SAR 207,000.00*.

The Result: The tender opening committee disqualified Falcon Civil Engineering immediately for a deficiency of SAR 27,000.00. Falcon’s technical proposal, which was ranked highest among six bidders, was never opened. The contract was awarded to a competitor bidding SAR 19,500,000.
Code|Technical Specification / Reference
Verified Schema
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               CASE STUDY 2: SAMA DIGITAL ISSUANCE EFFICIENCY           │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Case Study 2: "Apex Digital Solutions" — Seamless 4-Hour Digital Issuance

Bidder Profile: Enterprise cloud software integration firm based in Riyadh.
Target Competition: Public university student management system RFP (Bid value: SAR 6,000,000; required guarantee: 2.0% = SAR 120,000).
Execution Timeline:

* T minus 8 Hours: Finalized technical proposal and pricing model.

* T minus 6 Hours: Financial controller logged into Alinma Corporate Banking, navigated to the Etimad Digital Guarantee module, input the university’s Etimad Tender Number, and requested a 90-day digital guarantee for SAR 120,000 against their corporate credit line.

* T minus 4 Hours: Alinma trade operations approved the request; the SAMA gateway pushed the record to Etimad.

* T minus 2 Hours: The bidding coordinator opened the Financial Envelope on Etimad, selected the auto-linked guarantee, and clicked "Submit".

Outcome: The bid was validated automatically by Etimad's API, eliminating paper transport risks, courier delays, and notary stamps. Apex won the tender and rolled the initial guarantee into a final 5% performance bond seamlessly through the same banking module.

Top 7 Compliance Hazards & Disqualification Traps

Protect your commercial bidding pipeline by avoiding these common initial guarantee mistakes:

Critical Pitfalls in Initial Guarantee Management

Mandatory protections enforced by MHRSD & Saudi Labor Law

1
Under-Calculating the Guarantee AmountFailing to verify whether the guarantee percentage applies to the net base price or gross price inclusive of 15% VAT. Any shortfall—even by SAR 1—triggers automatic statutory disqualification.
2
Typos in the Etimad Tender Reference NumberEntering an incorrect digit in the tender reference number during the bank application. The guarantee will fail to match your bid on the Etimad gateway, appearing as "Non-Existent Guarantee" to the tender opening committee.
3
Guarantee Validity Shorter Than 90 DaysRequesting a bond valid for 90 days from the date of *issuance* rather than 90 days from the *tender bid opening deadline*. The committee will reject the bond for insufficient validity.
4
Attempting to Upload Paper ScansUploading a scanned PDF of a paper bank guarantee letter. Physical letters are invalid unless the tender booklet explicitly authorizes paper submissions due to extraordinary technical portal downtime.
5
Inconsistent Legal Entity NamesRequesting a guarantee under a parent company name when bidding through a subsidiary or branch Commercial Registration. The 700 Number on the guarantee must match the 700 Number of the bidding profile on Etimad.
6
Procrastinating on Bank Credit ApprovalsInitiating the bank guarantee request on the morning of the submission deadline. While digital transmission takes minutes, internal bank credit underwriting can take 24 to 48 hours if you lack pre-approved credit lines.
7
Unlawful Bid WithdrawalAttempting to withdraw your offer after the submission deadline because you discovered an estimation mistake in your pricing. The government entity will seize your initial guarantee into the Ministry of Finance Treasury.

Executive Initial Bid Bond Pre-Submission Checklist

Ensure your bidding team completes every mandatory verification step before clicking "Submit Bid" on Etimad:

[ ] Tender Booklet Percentage Verified: Confirm whether the booklet mandates exactly 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% as the initial guarantee rate.
[ ] VAT Base Clarified: Determine whether the guarantee applies to the net price or gross price inclusive of 15% VAT (when in doubt, calculate on the gross amount to prevent disqualification).
[ ] SME Exemption Status Evaluated: If your company is classified as a Micro or Small enterprise by Monsha'at, ensure your active SME certificate is attached to utilize the statutory bond exemption.
[ ] Etimad Tender Number Double-Checked: Verify that the 12-digit tender reference number entered in the bank portal matches the target Etimad competition identically.
[ ] 90-Day Validity Window Calculated: Confirm that the guarantee expiration date is set for at least 90 calendar days beyond the official bid opening date.
[ ] Digital Gateway Transmission Confirmed: Log into etimad.sa and verify that the bank guarantee appears under your "Available Digital Guarantees" tab with an active status.
[ ] Corporate Bank Credit Line Monitored: Ensure your corporate treasury has sufficient unencumbered credit facility or cash margin to prevent bank processing delays.
[ ] Standstill Calendar Prepared: Set automated reminders for the 10-day statutory standstill period post-award to track the automated release of your guarantee if you are not selected.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the exact percentage required for an initial bank bid bond on Etimad?

Under Article 35 of the Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL), the initial guarantee must be between 1.0% and 2.0% of the total financial offer value. The exact percentage is predetermined by the contracting government entity and explicitly stated in the official Tender Booklet (كراسة الشروط والمواصفات).

What happens if my initial bank guarantee is short by even a small amount?

Under Article 36 of the GTPL, if an initial guarantee is submitted for less than the statutory percentage specified in the tender booklet—even by SAR 1.00—the Tender Opening Committee (لجنة فتح العروض) is legally obligated to disqualify and reject the bid immediately. There is no legal mechanism to pay the difference or submit a supplementary guarantee post-opening.

Are physical paper bank guarantees still accepted for Etimad tenders?

No. Physical paper bank guarantee letters are strictly obsolete and legally prohibited for public competitions conducted on Etimad. All bank guarantees must be issued electronically through licensed Saudi commercial banks integrated into the SAMA-Etimad Digital Guarantee Gateway, which links the bond directly to your corporate Commercial Registration and bid file.

How long must an initial bank bid bond remain valid?

The initial guarantee must remain unconditionally valid for at least ninety (90) calendar days from the designated bid opening date (تاريخ فتح العروض). If the government entity requests a formal extension of the evaluation period, bidders may choose to extend the bond or withdraw their bids without financial penalty.

Are small businesses (SMEs) exempt from submitting an initial bid bond?

Yes. Under Article 35 (Paragraph 3) of the GTPL, Micro and Small Enterprises (المنشآت متناهية الصغر والصغيرة) holding a valid classification certificate from Monsha'at are 100% exempt from submitting an initial bank bid bond. In lieu of a bank guarantee, the SME submits an electronic financial commitment declaration directly through the Etimad portal.

When is an initial bank guarantee returned to an unsuccessful bidder?

Under GTPL Article 37, the initial guarantees of unsuccessful bidders must be released electronically within seven (7) business days following the expiration of the statutory ten (10) calendar day standstill / objection window (فترة التوقف) following the announcement of the preliminary award. For the winning bidder, the initial bond is released immediately upon submission and approval of the 5% Final Performance Bond.

Regulatory Authorities & Statutory Citations

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Government Tender and Procurement Law (GTPL) - Articles 35, 36, and 37, Royal Decree No. M/128.
Ministry of Finance (MOF): Implementing Regulations of the Government Tender and Procurement Law - Chapter on Bank Guarantees (Articles 64–72), Ministerial Resolution No. 1242.
Saudi Central Bank (SAMA): Rules and Technical Framework for the Digital Guarantee System (منظومة الضمانات البنكية الرقمية), Circular No. 41062020.
Small and Medium Enterprises General Authority (Monsha'at): Guidelines for SME Bid Bond Exemptions in Government Procurement, Regulatory Directive No. 2022/11.
Local Content and Government Procurement Authority (LCGPA): Procedural Rules for Government Procurement Evaluation, Resolution No. 2023/45.